Verkehrsflugzeug · Zivil · Vereinigte Staaten
Boeing 377 Stratocruiser
- 8. Juli 1947
- Erstflug
- 1949
- Indienststellung
- 1978
- Ausgemustert
- 56
- Gebaute Exemplare
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Die Boeing 377 Stratocruiser, zivile Ableitung der C-97 und letztlich des Bombers B-29, flog am 8. Juli 1947 zum ersten Mal und ging am 1. April 1949 bei Pan American in Dienst. Mit ihrem Rumpf mit zwei Decks und ihrem Salon auf dem unteren Deck verkörperte sie den transozeanischen Luxus der Nachkriegszeit, obwohl nur 56 Stück gebaut wurden.
Verwandte Ereignisse
Verwandte Einträge
Kategorie
Geschichte
Boeing leitete die 377 Stratocruiser vom Militärtransporter C-97 Stratofreighter ab, der seinerseits aus dem Bomber B-29 hervorgegangen war. Das Ergebnis war ein unverwechselbares Flugzeug: ein Rumpf mit Doppelblasen-Querschnitt und zwei Decks, angetrieben von vier Pratt-&-Whitney-R-4360-Wasp-Major-Motoren. Der Prototyp flog am 8. Juli 1947, und Pan American führte den Typ am 1. April 1949 ein.
Die Stratocruiser konkurrierte auf den prestigeträchtigsten Strecken mit einem Luxus, der legendär wurde: ein Salon für 14 Passagiere auf dem unteren Deck, Schlafkojen und eine geräumige Kabine. Doch jene Opulenz ruhte auf einer fragilen Wirtschaftlichkeit: Die R-4360 litten unter Propellerdefekten, die Betriebskosten waren hoch, und die Produktion endete mit nur 56 Maschinen. Die Fluggesellschaften musterten sie im Laufe der fünfziger Jahre aus, und als Ausmusterungsjahr des Typs gilt 1963.
Ihre Silhouette hatte allerdings ein ungewöhnliches Nachleben. Mehrere Zellen wurden von Aero Spacelines in die Großraumtransporter der Guppy-Familie umgebaut, die zum Bewegen von Raketenstufen und großformatigen Flugzeugteilen dienten, womit die Linie der Stratocruiser noch lange nach ihrem Verschwinden von den Passagierstrecken im Dienst des Raumfahrtzeitalters weiterflog.
Varianten
| 377-10-19 | Aero Spacelines 377PG Pregnant Guppy | Aero Spacelines 377SG Super Guppy | Aero Spacelines 377MG Mini Guppy | Aero Spacelines 101 Mini Guppy Turbine | 377-1 | 377-10-26 | 377-10-26S Super Stratocruiser | 377-10-27 | 377-10-28 | 377-10-29 | 377-10-30 | 377-10-32 | 377-10-34 | 377-10-40 | 377-11 | 377-17-39 | 377-212 | 377-28-26 | 377-6 | 377F | 377M Anak | Aero Spacelines 377SGT Super Guppy Turbine | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Erstflug | 8. Juli 1947 | 19. September 1962 | 31. August 1965 | 24. Mai 1967 | 13. März 1970 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Luftfahrzeugtyp | Long-haul airliner | Outsize cargo transport | Outsize cargo transport | Outsize cargo transport | Outsize cargo transport | Long-haul airliner (proposal) | Long-haul airliner | Long-haul airliner | Long-haul airliner (not built) | Long-haul airliner | Long-haul airliner | Long-haul airliner | Long-haul airliner | Long-haul airliner | High-capacity airliner (proposal) | Long-haul airliner (proposal) | Long-haul airliner (proposal) | High-capacity airliner (proposal) | Long-haul airliner (proposal) | Long-haul airliner (proposal) | Cargo aircraft | Military cargo transport | Outsize cargo transport |
| Antrieb | 4 × Pratt & Whitney R-4360-B6 Wasp Major radial piston engines, 2,610 kW each. | 4 × Pratt & Whitney R-4360-B6 Wasp Major radial piston engines, 2,610 kW each, with Aerojet-General solid-fuel assisted take-off rockets. | 4 × Pratt & Whitney T34-P-7WA turboprops, 5,145 kW each, taken from the YC-97J. | 4 × Pratt & Whitney R-4360-B6 Wasp Major radial piston engines, 2,610 kW each. | 4 × Pratt & Whitney T34-PWA turboprops, 4,300 kW each. | 4 × Wright R-3350 Duplex-Cyclone radial piston engines. | 4 × Pratt & Whitney R-4360-B6 Wasp Major 28-cylinder four-row air-cooled supercharged radial piston engines, 2,610 kW each (3,500 hp on take-off with water injection), driving four-blade constant-speed fully feathering propellers. | 4 × Pratt & Whitney R-4360 Wasp Major radial piston engines, re-engined with a more powerful version than the standard 377-10-26. | 4 × Pratt & Whitney R-4360 Wasp Major radial piston engines, as standard for the type. | 4 × Pratt & Whitney R-4360-B6 Wasp Major radial piston engines, 2,610 kW each. | 4 × Pratt & Whitney R-4360-B6 Wasp Major radial piston engines, 2,610 kW each. | 4 × Pratt & Whitney R-4360-B6 Wasp Major radial piston engines, 2,610 kW each. | 4 × Pratt & Whitney R-4360-B6 Wasp Major radial piston engines, 2,610 kW each. | 4 × Pratt & Whitney R-4360-B6 Wasp Major radial piston engines, 2,610 kW each. | 4 × Pratt & Whitney R-4360 Wasp Major radial piston engines, as standard for the type. | 4 × Wright XA-395 turbine engines, a powerplant study never built. | 4 × Allison XT40-A-6 turboprop engines. | 4 × Pratt & Whitney R-4360 Wasp Major radial piston engines, as standard for the type. | Six piston engines: the four Pratt & Whitney R-4360 Wasp Majors of the production aircraft plus two Wright R-1820 Cyclones added outboard. | 4 × supercharged Allison V-3420 piston engines, a double-bank V layout. | 4 × Pratt & Whitney R-4360-B6 Wasp Major radial piston engines, 2,610 kW each. | 4 × Pratt & Whitney R-4360-59 Wasp Major radial piston engines. | 4 × Allison 501-D22C turboprops, 3,490 kW each. |
| Triebwerke | 4 × Pratt & Whitney R-4360-B6 Wasp Major | 4 × Pratt & Whitney R-4360-B6 Wasp Major | 4 × Pratt & Whitney T34-P-7WA | 4 × Pratt & Whitney R-4360-B6 Wasp Major | 4 × Pratt & Whitney T34-PWA | 4 × Wright R-3350 Duplex-Cyclone | 4 × Pratt & Whitney R-4360-B6 Wasp Major | 4 × Pratt & Whitney R-4360 Wasp Major | 4 × piston | 4 × Pratt & Whitney R-4360-B6 Wasp Major | 4 × Pratt & Whitney R-4360-B6 Wasp Major | 4 × Pratt & Whitney R-4360-B6 Wasp Major | 4 × Pratt & Whitney R-4360-B6 Wasp Major | 4 × Pratt & Whitney R-4360-B6 Wasp Major | 4 × piston | 4 × Wright XA-395 | 4 × Allison XT40-A-6 | 4 × piston | 6 × 4 × Pratt & Whitney R-4360 Wasp Major + 2 × Wright R-1820 Cyclone | 4 × Allison V-3420 | 4 × Pratt & Whitney R-4360-B6 Wasp Major | 4 × Pratt & Whitney R-4360-59 | 4 × Allison 501-D22C |
| Leistung je Triebwerk | 3.500 hp | 3.500 hp | 6.900 hp Bester Wert dieser Zeile | 3.500 hp | 5.766 hp | — | 3.500 hp | — | — | 3.500 hp | 3.500 hp | 3.500 hp | 3.500 hp | 3.500 hp | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3.500 hp | — | 4.680 hp |
| Länge | 33,6 m | 38,7 m | 43,8 m | 40,5 m | — | — | 33,6 m | 33,6 m | — | 33,6 m | 33,6 m | 33,6 m | 33,6 m | 33,6 m | — | — | — | — | — | — | 33,6 m | 33,6 m | 43,8 m Bester Wert dieser Zeile |
| Spannweite | 43,1 m | 43,1 m | 47,6 m Bester Wert dieser Zeile | 47,6 m Bester Wert dieser Zeile | — | — | 43,1 m | 43,1 m | — | 43,1 m | 43,1 m | 43,1 m | 43,1 m | 43,1 m | — | — | — | — | — | — | 43,1 m | 43,1 m | 47,6 m Bester Wert dieser Zeile |
| Höhe | 11,7 m | 11,7 m | 14,8 m Bester Wert dieser Zeile | 11,7 m | — | — | 11,7 m | 11,7 m | — | 11,7 m | 11,7 m | 11,7 m | 11,7 m | 11,7 m | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 14,8 m Bester Wert dieser Zeile |
| Flügelfläche | — | 164 m² | 183 m² Bester Wert dieser Zeile | — | — | — | 164 m² | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Leermasse | — | 41.277 kg | 45.359 kg | 41.000 kg | — | — | 37.875 kg | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 37.874 kg Bester Wert dieser Zeile | 46.040 kg |
| MTOW | — | 60.328 kg | 77.111 kg | 64.770 kg | — | — | 67.132 kg | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 69.000 kg | — | — | — | — | 79.380 kg Bester Wert dieser Zeile | 77.111 kg |
| Höchstgeschwindigkeit | — | 590 km/h | — | — | — | — | 604 km/h Bester Wert dieser Zeile | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 604 km/h Bester Wert dieser Zeile | 460 km/h |
| Höhe der Höchstgeschwindigkeit | — | — | — | — | — | — | 7.620 m | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Reisegeschwindigkeit | — | 361 km/h | 502 km/h | 386 km/h | — | — | 547 km/h Bester Wert dieser Zeile | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 547 km/h Bester Wert dieser Zeile | 410 km/h |
| Reiseflughöhe | — | — | — | — | — | — | 7.620 m | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Dienstgipfelhöhe | — | — | 7.620 m | 6.100 m | — | — | 9.800 m Bester Wert dieser Zeile | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 9.800 m Bester Wert dieser Zeile | 7.600 m |
| Anfängliche Steigrate | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5,6 m/s | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Reichweite | — | — | 3.211 km | — | — | — | 6.800 km Bester Wert dieser Zeile | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 6.760 km | 3.211 km |
| Überführungsreichweite | — | — | — | — | — | — | 7.360 km | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
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| Bedingungen der Reichweite | — | Short-stage aircraft flown inside the United States between factories and NASA centres; normal operating speed cut by the deep fuselage. | About 3,211 km, sized for the runs between factories and launch sites. | Lower ceiling and speed than the airliner it came from; flown on short outsize-cargo stages. | — | — | Around 6,800 km with a normal payload, enough for Pan American's transatlantic and Pacific stages; with maximum fuel, ferry figures of up to 7,360 km are quoted. | Greater fuel capacity than the 377-10-26 to fly Pan American's transatlantic stages non-stop. | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | About 6,760 km, as on the civil aircraft it came from, with no in-flight refuelling. | About 3,211 km, enough for the European legs between the Airbus plants and Toulouse. |
| Bewaffnung | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
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| Nutzlast | — | 15.422 kg | — | 15.000 kg | — | — | 11.400 kg | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 24.721 kg Bester Wert dieser Zeile |
| Ladekapazität | Development prototype; one built, later brought up to 377-10-26 standard and sold to Pan American. | Conversion of a 377-10-26 with an enlarged upper deck and lengthened fuselage to carry Saturn rocket stages; hold of about 826 m³ and a payload of some 15,422 kg. | Deep-section fuselage built on parts of a YC-97J and a 377-10-26; the only aircraft able to carry a complete Saturn V third stage. | Conversion of a 377-10-26 with a widened cabin, stretched wing and hinged tail for end loading; hold about 22 m long by 5.5 m wide and some 15,000 kg of payload. | Mini Guppy derivative with a swinging nose for front loading and turboprop power. | Alternative-powerplant study; not built. | Pressurised double-deck airliner: typical layouts of 63 to 84 seats and up to 100 on the main deck, plus a 14-seat lower-deck lounge reached by a spiral staircase; night layouts offered 28 berths and five seats. Useful load about 11,400 kg of passengers, baggage and mail. | Ten Pan American aircraft refitted for transatlantic service. | Version intended for Transcontinental & Western Air; the order was never fulfilled. | Four aircraft ordered by Scandinavian Airlines System and taken over by BOAC after the cancellation, with a de luxe interior. | Eight aircraft for American Overseas Airlines, with circular main-cabin windows and rectangular lower-deck windows. | Ten aircraft for Northwest Orient Airlines, with all-rectangular windows. | Six aircraft for the British Overseas Airways Corporation, with all-circular windows. | Seven aircraft for United Air Lines, with rectangular main-cabin windows and circular lower-deck windows. | Proposal for domestic routes with high-density seating; not built. | Alternative-powerplant study; not built. | Stretched, turboprop-powered proposal for Cubana de Aviación; not built. | Proposed twin-deck all-economy cabin; not built. | Six-engined proposal for Pan American World Airways; not built. | Alternative-powerplant study; not built. | Freighter conversion of passenger aircraft, with the cabin stripped of seats. | Five aircraft bought from Pan American and rebuilt by Israel Aircraft Industries for the Israeli Air Force: C-97 tail, clamshell doors and a strengthened floor for cargo, paratroop drops and troop transport. | Definitive Guppy, with a cleaner fuselage and hinged nose: hold about 33 m long by 7.62 m wide and high, for some 24,721 kg. Four built, used by Airbus to move aircraft sections and later by NASA. |
| Besatzung | 4 | 3 Bester Wert dieser Zeile | 4 | 4 | — | — | 4 | 4 | — | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | — |
| Passagiere | — | — | — | — | — | — | 100 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 105 | — | 137 Bester Wert dieser Zeile | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Gebaute Exemplare | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 21 Bester Wert dieser Zeile | 10 | 0 | 4 | 8 | 10 | 6 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 5 | 4 |