Família: Falcon · SpaceX
Falcon 9
Estatísticas de lançamentos
- 670
- Lançamentos (até 27 de julho de 2026)
- 60
- Sucessos
- 2
- Falhas
- 96.8 %
- Taxa de sucesso
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O Falcon 9 é o lançador que mudou as regras do acesso ao espaço: um foguetão de dois andares cujo primeiro andar regressa, aterra na vertical e volta a voar — algo que a indústria considerava economicamente impossível até a SpaceX o transformar em rotina. Nasceu do programa comercial da NASA de meados da década de 2000, quando a agência apostou em comprar transporte a empresas privadas em vez de desenhar os seus próprios foguetões. A SpaceX, que vinha do pequeno Falcon 1, respondeu com um lançador de nove motores que se estreou a 4 de junho de 2010. A 21 de dezembro de 2015 conseguiu o nunca visto: pousar o primeiro andar de um foguetão orbital de volta em terra firme. Desde então a reutilização deixou de ser uma experiência — com aterragens em barcaças no oceano, andares que acumulam dezenas de voos e uma cadência de lançamento sem precedente na história. Hoje o Falcon 9 é o cavalo de batalha do acesso ocidental ao espaço: leva astronautas à estação espacial, desdobra a constelação Starlink e lança mais vezes por ano do que todos os seus concorrentes juntos, com um preço por quilo que redefiniu o mercado.
História
O Falcon 9 estreou-se a 4 de junho de 2010 e transformou o acesso ao espaço: em dezembro de 2015 conseguiu a primeira aterragem propulsiva de um primeiro andar orbital e, desde então, a reutilização é a norma da família.
Origem
A SpaceX anunciou o Falcon 9 em 2005, quando ainda não tinha alcançado a órbita com o seu pequeno Falcon 1. O empurrão decisivo veio da NASA: o programa comercial de carga — com o contrato COTS de 2006 e os serviços de reabastecimento contratados em 2008 — financiou ao mesmo tempo o foguetão e a cápsula Dragon, numa aposta da agência em comprar transporte em vez de possuir foguetões. O desenho reuniu nove motores Merlin no primeiro andar, com a redundância como filosofia: o foguetão pode perder um motor e completar a missão.
Evolução
Do Falcon 9 original de 2010 passou-se em 2013 à versão v1.1, mais comprida e potente, e em 2015 à Full Thrust, com propelentes super-arrefecidos. A iteração culminou em 2018 no Block 5, a versão definitiva, otimizada para reutilizar cada andar vezes sem conta com um recondicionamento mínimo. Cada versão foi um degrau deliberado rumo ao mesmo objetivo: que deitar fora o foguetão depois de cada voo deixasse de ser normal.
A conquista da reutilização
Depois de anos de ensaios — e de fracassos espetaculares na barcaça —, a 21 de dezembro de 2015 um primeiro andar aterrou em Cabo Canaveral minutos após a descolagem. Em 2017 um andar já usado voltou a voar pela primeira vez. O que se seguiu foi uma acumulação silenciosa de recordes: aterragens nas barcaças oceânicas como rotina, andares individuais a ultrapassar as dezenas de voos e o preço do acesso à órbita a cair em consequência.
O cavalo de batalha
Em 2020 o Falcon 9 devolveu aos Estados Unidos o voo tripulado com a Crew Dragon e, desde então, leva astronautas à estação espacial de forma regular. O grosso da sua cadência é dado pela Starlink, a constelação da SpaceX, que transformou o lançamento orbital numa operação quase diária: a família ultrapassou os 400 e depois os 500 voos num punhado de anos, algo sem precedente para um lançador orbital.
Legado
O Falcon 9 demonstrou que a reutilização propulsiva funciona técnica e comercialmente, e obrigou toda a indústria — da Europa à China — a redesenhar os seus lançadores em torno dessa ideia. Poucas máquinas moveram tanto a fronteira do possível no espaço desde o vaivém espacial.
Cronologia de lançamentos
| Data | Base de lançamento | Resultado | Carga útil |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25/08/2026, 09:33 | Space Launch Complex 40 | Sucesso | A batch of 29 satellites for the Starlink mega-constellation - SpaceX's project for space-based Internet communication system. |
| 22/08/2026, 07:25 | Space Launch Complex 4E | Sucesso | A batch of 27 satellites for the Starlink mega-constellation - SpaceX's project for space-based Internet communication system. |
| 21/08/2026, 15:14 | Space Launch Complex 40 | Sucesso | A batch of 29 satellites for the Starlink mega-constellation - SpaceX's project for space-based Internet communication system. |
| 19/08/2026, 04:01 | Space Launch Complex 4E | Sucesso | A batch of 24 satellites for the Starlink mega-constellation - SpaceX's project for space-based Internet communication system. |
| 16/08/2026, 01:50 | Space Launch Complex 4E | Sucesso | USSF-366 is a classified mission for the United States Space Force. It is possibly a batch of classified LEO satellites for a US government entity based on SpaceX’s Starshield satellite bus, based on locations of rocket stage drop zones being exact fits with previous Starlink Group 15 launches. |
| 16/08/2026, 01:12 | Space Launch Complex 40 | Sucesso | The Globalstar global mobile communications network offers global, digital real time voice, data and fax services via its Low Earth Orbit satellite constellation. The constellation operates in a 1410 km orbit inclined at 52 degrees. In early 2022, Globalstar contracted with MDA for the construction of 17 new 2nd generation refresh satellites to replenish the existing constellation. Rocket Lab is sub-contracted to build the satellites' buses and the launch dispensers. |
| 12/08/2026, 04:46 | Space Launch Complex 4E | Sucesso | A batch of 24 satellites for the Starlink mega-constellation - SpaceX's project for space-based Internet communication system. |
| 11/08/2026, 15:58 | Space Launch Complex 40 | Sucesso | A batch of 29 satellites for the Starlink mega-constellation - SpaceX's project for space-based Internet communication system. |
| 08/08/2026, 16:35 | Space Launch Complex 4E | Sucesso | A batch of 24 satellites for the Starlink mega-constellation - SpaceX's project for space-based Internet communication system. |
| 05/08/2026, 07:49 | Space Launch Complex 40 | Sucesso | AST SpaceMobile’s Block 2 BlueBird satellites are designed to deliver up to 10 times the bandwidth capacity of the BlueBird Block 1 satellites, required to achieve 24/7 continuous cellular broadband service coverage in the United States, with beams designed to support a capacity of up to 40 MHz, enabling peak data transmission speeds up to 120 Mbps, supporting voice, full data and video applications. The Block 2 BlueBirds, featuring as large as 2400 square foot communications arrays, will be the largest satellites ever commercially deployed in Low Earth orbit once launched. This launch will feature 3 satellites. |
| 04/08/2026, 17:05 | Space Launch Complex 4E | Sucesso | A batch of 24 satellites for the Starlink mega-constellation - SpaceX's project for space-based Internet communication system. |
| 01/08/2026, 03:08 | Space Launch Complex 4E | Sucesso | A batch of 24 satellites for the Starlink mega-constellation - SpaceX's project for space-based Internet communication system. |
| 30/07/2026, 07:10 | Space Launch Complex 40 | Sucesso | Classified payload for the US National Reconnaissance Office. |
| 25/07/2026, 15:51 | Space Launch Complex 4E | Sucesso | A batch of 24 satellites for the Starlink mega-constellation - SpaceX's project for space-based Internet communication system. |
| 21/07/2026, 21:15 | Space Launch Complex 40 | Sucesso | The Northrop Grumman/SpaceLogistics MRV-1 is a mission extension payload including a mission robotic vehicle (MRV) and multiple mission extension pods (MEPs). The MRV is designed to attach up to 30 MEPs (Mission Extension Pods) to various satellites in GEO over the course of its life, and the MEPs (Mission Extension Pods) are 400 kg spacecraft designed to be captured by the MRV and then attached to a customer's satellite. A single MEP can extend a 2000 kg satellite's service life by up to 6 years. For this mission, 2 of the MEP's will service satellites for Intelsat, while the third will service a satellite for Optus. |
| 21/07/2026, 14:49 | Space Launch Complex 4E | Sucesso | A batch of 24 satellites for the Starlink mega-constellation - SpaceX's project for space-based Internet communication system. |
| 16/07/2026, 20:32 | Space Launch Complex 4E | Sucesso | Tranche 1 Transport Layer E is one of six missions by the United States Space Force Space Development Agency (SDA) for the Proliferated Warfighter Space Architecture (PWSA) Tranche 1 Transport Layer constellation, which will provide assured, resilient, low-latency military data and connectivity worldwide to the full range of warfighter platforms from Low Earth Orbit satellites. The constellation will be interconnected with Optical Inter-Satellite Links (OISLs) which have significantly increased performance over existing radio frequency crosslinks. It is expected to operate over Ka band, have stereo coverage and be dynamically networked for simpler hand-offs, greater bandwidth and fault tolerance. This launch carries 21 satellites manufactured by York Space Systems. |
| 14/07/2026, 09:10 | Space Launch Complex 40 | Sucesso | A batch of 29 satellites for the Starlink mega-constellation - SpaceX's project for space-based Internet communication system. |
| 14/07/2026, 01:28 | Space Launch Complex 4E | Sucesso | A batch of 27 satellites for the Starlink mega-constellation - SpaceX's project for space-based Internet communication system. |
| 11/07/2026, 03:01 | Space Launch Complex 4E | Sucesso | A batch of 24 satellites for the Starlink mega-constellation - SpaceX's project for space-based Internet communication system. |
| 09/07/2026, 09:25 | Space Launch Complex 40 | Sucesso | A batch of 29 satellites for the Starlink mega-constellation - SpaceX's project for space-based Internet communication system. |
| 07/07/2026, 07:12 | Space Launch Complex 4E | Sucesso | Dedicated rideshare flight to a sun-synchronous orbit with dozens of small microsatellites and nanosatellites for commercial and government customers. |
| 05/07/2026, 10:50 | Space Launch Complex 40 | Sucesso | A batch of 29 satellites for the Starlink mega-constellation - SpaceX's project for space-based Internet communication system. The Falcon 9 1st stage carries 2 customer payload from Besxar Space Industries for testing their Fabships pilot reusable semiconductor wafers manufacturing pods in launch and re-entry environments. |
| 02/07/2026, 02:58 | Space Launch Complex 4E | Sucesso | A batch of 24 satellites for the Starlink mega-constellation - SpaceX's project for space-based Internet communication system. |
| 29/06/2026, 02:25 | Space Launch Complex 40 | Sucesso | SXM-11 is the 12th high-powered, digital, audio radio satellite built by Lanteris Space (ex-Maxar, Space System/Loral) for SiriusXM. The SXM-11 satellite will be based on the proven IM-1300 (ex-LS-1300)-class platform and built at the company’s manufacturing facility in Palo Alto, California. SXM-11 has a large, mesh, unfurlable reflector almost 10 meters in diameter that allows SiriusXM programming to reach its radios, including those in moving vehicles. |
| 28/06/2026, 16:09 | Space Launch Complex 4E | Sucesso | A batch of 24 satellites for the Starlink mega-constellation - SpaceX's project for space-based Internet communication system. |
| 25/06/2026, 03:30 | Space Launch Complex 4E | Sucesso | A batch of 24 satellites for the Starlink mega-constellation - SpaceX's project for space-based Internet communication system. |
| 23/06/2026, 10:53 | Space Launch Complex 40 | Sucesso | Note: Mission profile and payload details are TBD. Demonstration mission for SpaceX’s Project Starfall, which aims to mass-produce reentry capsules designed to autonomously transport valuable customer experiments and other payloads safely back from space to Earth, including for in-orbit manufacturing. Starfall is a cylindrical shaped capsule approximately 0.75 meters tall with a diameter of 3.1 meters, weighing approximately 2100 kilograms, and capable of carrying 1000 kilograms of payload. It is designed to be carried on Starship flights. |
| 21/06/2026, 16:39 | Space Launch Complex 4E | Sucesso | A batch of 24 satellites for the Starlink mega-constellation - SpaceX's project for space-based Internet communication system. |
| 19/06/2026, 08:50 | Space Launch Complex 4E | Sucesso | Fourteenth batch of satellites for a reconnaissance satellite constellation built by SpaceX and Northrop Grumman for the National Reconnaissance Office to provide imaging and other reconnaissance capabilities. |
| 17/06/2026, 06:39 | Space Launch Complex 40 | Sucesso | AST SpaceMobile’s Block 2 BlueBird satellites are designed to deliver up to 10 times the bandwidth capacity of the BlueBird Block 1 satellites, required to achieve 24/7 continuous cellular broadband service coverage in the United States, with beams designed to support a capacity of up to 40 MHz, enabling peak data transmission speeds up to 120 Mbps, supporting voice, full data and video applications. The Block 2 BlueBirds, featuring as large as 2400 square foot communications arrays, will be the largest satellites ever commercially deployed in Low Earth orbit once launched. This launch will feature 3 satellites. |
| 15/06/2026, 15:34 | Space Launch Complex 4E | Sucesso | A batch of 24 satellites for the Starlink mega-constellation - SpaceX's project for space-based Internet communication system. |
| 12/06/2026, 12:37 | Space Launch Complex 40 | Sucesso | A batch of 29 satellites for the Starlink mega-constellation - SpaceX's project for space-based Internet communication system. |
| 11/06/2026, 15:05 | Space Launch Complex 4E | Sucesso | A batch of 24 satellites for the Starlink mega-constellation - SpaceX's project for space-based Internet communication system. |
| 08/06/2026, 10:13 | Space Launch Complex 40 | Sucesso | A batch of 29 satellites for the Starlink mega-constellation - SpaceX's project for space-based Internet communication system. |
| 07/06/2026, 04:24 | Space Launch Complex 4E | Sucesso | A batch of 21 satellites for the Starlink mega-constellation - SpaceX's project for space-based Internet communication system. 2 US military Starshield satellites are also on board. |
| 04/06/2026, 10:26 | Space Launch Complex 40 | Sucesso | A batch of 29 satellites for the Starlink mega-constellation - SpaceX's project for space-based Internet communication system. |
| 03/06/2026, 15:40 | Space Launch Complex 4E | Sucesso | A batch of 24 satellites for the Starlink mega-constellation - SpaceX's project for space-based Internet communication system. |
| 30/05/2026, 15:25 | Space Launch Complex 4E | Sucesso | A batch of 24 satellites for the Starlink mega-constellation - SpaceX's project for space-based Internet communication system. |
| 29/05/2026, 12:57 | Space Launch Complex 40 | Sucesso | A batch of 29 satellites for the Starlink mega-constellation - SpaceX's project for space-based Internet communication system. |
| 26/05/2026, 14:50 | Space Launch Complex 4E | Sucesso | A batch of 24 satellites for the Starlink mega-constellation - SpaceX's project for space-based Internet communication system. |
| 25/05/2026, 11:48 | Space Launch Complex 40 | Sucesso | A batch of 29 satellites for the Starlink mega-constellation - SpaceX's project for space-based Internet communication system. |
| 21/05/2026, 10:04 | Space Launch Complex 40 | Sucesso | A batch of 29 satellites for the Starlink mega-constellation - SpaceX's project for space-based Internet communication system. |
| 20/05/2026, 02:46 | Space Launch Complex 4E | Sucesso | A batch of 24 satellites for the Starlink mega-constellation - SpaceX's project for space-based Internet communication system. |
| 15/05/2026, 22:05 | Space Launch Complex 40 | Sucesso | 34th commercial resupply services mission to the International Space Station operated by SpaceX. The flight will be conducted under the second Commercial Resupply Services contract with NASA. Cargo Dragon 2 brings supplies and payloads, including critical materials to directly support science and research investigations that occur onboard the orbiting laboratory. |
| 12/05/2026, 02:13 | Space Launch Complex 4E | Sucesso | Thirteenth batch of satellites for a reconnaissance satellite constellation built by SpaceX and Northrop Grumman for the National Reconnaissance Office to provide imaging and other reconnaissance capabilities. |
| 06/05/2026, 03:59 | Space Launch Complex 4E | Sucesso | A batch of 24 satellites for the Starlink mega-constellation - SpaceX's project for space-based Internet communication system. |
| 03/05/2026, 07:00 | Space Launch Complex 4E | Sucesso | Ride-share of 45 satellites including: * CAS500-2 (KASA, South Korea) The South Korean CAS500-1 and -2 satellites will image the Earth in pan-chromatic and multi-spectral modes using the AEISS-C (Advanced Earth Imaging Sensor System) payload, with a ground resolution of 0.5 m in panchromatic mode and 2 m in color mode. * Pelican-7, 8 & 9 (Planet Labs) Pelican is a constellation of very high resolution imaging satellites, designed and manufactured by Planet Labs. The commercial constellation will consist of 32 SmallSats with potential for further expansion, and aims to provide improved spatial resolution and response times over Planet’s existing SkySat and Dove constellations. |
| 01/05/2026, 18:06 | Space Launch Complex 40 | Sucesso | A batch of 29 satellites for the Starlink mega-constellation - SpaceX's project for space-based Internet communication system. |
| 30/04/2026, 02:42 | Space Launch Complex 4E | Sucesso | A batch of 24 satellites for the Starlink mega-constellation - SpaceX's project for space-based Internet communication system. |
Versões
| v1.0 | v1.1 | Full Thrust | Block 4 | Block 5 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primeiro lançamento | 4 de junho de 2010 | 29 de setembro de 2013 | 22 de dezembro de 2015 | 14 de agosto de 2017 | 11 de maio de 2018 |
| Último lançamento | 1 de março de 2013 | 17 de janeiro de 2016 | 22 de fevereiro de 2018 | 29 de junho de 2018 | — |
| Altura | 54,9 m | 68,4 m | 70 m Melhor valor da linha | — | 69,8 m |
| Diâmetro | 3,7 m Melhor valor da linha | 3,7 m Melhor valor da linha | 3,7 m Melhor valor da linha | 3,7 m Melhor valor da linha | 3,7 m Melhor valor da linha |
| Massa | 333 400 kg | 505 846 kg | 549 000 kg Melhor valor da linha | — | 549 000 kg Melhor valor da linha |
| Impulso à descolagem | 4940 kN | 5885 kN | 6800 kN | — | 7607 kN Melhor valor da linha |
| Andares | 2 Melhor valor da linha | 2 Melhor valor da linha | 2 Melhor valor da linha | 2 Melhor valor da linha | 2 Melhor valor da linha |
| Capacidade para LEO | 10 450 kg | 13 150 kg | 22 800 kg Melhor valor da linha | — | 22 800 kg Melhor valor da linha |
| Capacidade GTO | 4540 kg | 4850 kg | 8300 kg Melhor valor da linha | — | 8300 kg Melhor valor da linha |
| Reutilizável | Não | Não | Sim | Sim | Sim |
Imagens