Why is the An-10 called "Ukraina"?

The aircraft's full designation is Antonov An-10 Ukraina, a word that means "Ukraine" in Ukrainian; NATO assigned it the reporting name Cat. It was a four-turboprop passenger transport aircraft designed in the Soviet Union. The prototype, which was given precisely the name Ukraina, first flew in March 1957. Development of a four-engined aircraft intended for routes of between 500 and 2,000 kilometres (310 to 1,240 miles) had begun in late 1955.

In 1952 the design bureau moved to Kyiv, a city with a rich aviation history and an aircraft manufacturing infrastructure rebuilt after the destruction caused by the Second World War. In choosing the powerplant, the Kuznetsov NK-4 was rejected despite its superior performance and the Ivchenko AI-20 was selected, partly due to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine, which wanted as much production as possible to take place in Ukraine, where the Ivchenko factory was located.

Aeroflot began operations with the An-10 on 22 July 1959 on the Moscow–Simferopol route. The An-10A version entered service in February 1960. On 18 May 1972, Aeroflot Flight 1491, an An-10A registered CCCP-11215, crashed on approach to Kharkiv Airport after both wings separated due to a fatigue failure in the central wing panel, killing 122 people. Following that accident, Aeroflot stopped operating the An-10.